Bartoš Group

Polyploid species had to develop mechanisms of precise chromosome pairing and segregation to ensure genomic stability. This diploid-like behaviour of chromosomes in polyploids is mainly regulated genetically. Pairing of homologous chromosomes in allohexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is controlled by „pairing homoeologous“ Ph1 and Ph2 genes. In ph1 mutant plants, pairing among homoeologous chromosomes was observed. In ph2 mutant plants, . . .

B chromosomes are supernumerary dispensable chromosomes. They have a non-Mendelian way of inheritance and individuals from a same population may or may not carry B chromosomes. Their number is varying due to the non-disjunction during the meiosis. It is commonly accepted that B chromosomes have evolved from the normal set of chromosomes (so called A chromosomes). Nevertheless, a few is known about their structure and the elements behind the non . . .

Land plants are constantly exposed to varying light conditions. In plants acclimated to high light intensity, the amount of light harvesting proteins (Lhcb) of phosystem II (PSII) is reduced due to down-regulation of Lhcb3 and Lhcb6 proteins. Recently we have revealed an unexpected absence of these proteins in Pinaceae and Gnetales (Kouřil et al. 2016, New Phytologist). Surprisingly, we have also found indications that Lhcsr protein could be present in . . .

The aim of the project is to achieve a significant acceleration and efficiency of the cherry breeding process using marker assisted selection. To achieve this goal, a complex of methods using the latest knowledge of molecular biology and genomics will be used. These will primarily include characterization of breeding gene resources using the new generation sequencing (NGS). The obtained data will be used to identify markers in conjunction with . . .

Aim of the proposed project is analysis of B chromosome diversity in maize (Zea mays). We will accumulate novel data using molecular, cytogenetics, sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, which will contribute to our knowledge about protein-coding genes on B chromosome and its evolution. The effect of B chromosome on phenotype of host plant will be also evaluated. Specific aims of the project are: screening of available germplasm bank accessions for . . .